解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We established an Ascaris-induced biphasic skin allergic reaction in mice. In the early-phase reaction (EPR), mast cell degranulation was observed, and tranilast inhibited ear edema. In mast-cell-deficient mice (WBB6F(1)-W/W(V) mice), ear edema in the EPR disappeared, whereas that in the late-phase reaction (LPR) rema...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000056117
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wood creosote has long been used as an antidiarrheal agent, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. To elucidate the mechanism of its antidiarrheal activity, we have addressed questions whether it inhibits fluid secretion induced by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in rabbit jejunum in vivo, ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000056092
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tests the hypothesis that contractile responses in aortae of hypertensive rats are more dependent on gap junctional communication compared to those from normotensive rats. The experimental approach was pharmacological, using inhibitors of gap junctional activity (heptanol and octanol). Two models of experim...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000056069
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of various antidepressants using the learned helplessness test (LH) or the forced swimming test (FS) in rats. Repeated treatment of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), clomipramine (0.625 mg/kg, p.o.), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, p.o.)...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000056126
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to determine the effects of hypercholesterolemia on basal vascular tone and vascular responses to pharmacologic agents in hindquarter resistance vessels. Blood pressure and hindquarter blood flow were measured in conscious rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet (1%) for 17 weeks (HC) compa...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000056137
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene knockout mice have proven to be very useful in understanding the role of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis. The combination of gene knockout technology with transgenic mouse technology should provide more versatile and suitable animal models to study the risks of chemical exp...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000028395
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies revealed an apparent bimodal distribution of adrenal xenobiotic-metabolizing activities in outbred guinea pigs. High activities were characteristic of most animals but a minority had very low rates of metabolism. The present studies were done to determine the basis for this distribution. Among the enzyma...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028384
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein phosphatase inhibitors, e.g. cantharidin, exert positive inotropic effects in mammalian heart preparations. Endothall, a synthetic herbicide which is chemically related to cantharidin, inhibits protein phosphatase activities in mouse liver preparations. However, the cardiac effects of endothall have hitherto n...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028379
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the contribution of neuropeptides to antigen-induced contractions of isolated bronchi and tracheae of passively sensitized guinea pigs using CP-96345 and SR 48968, specific antagonists of NK(1) and NK(2) receptors, respectively, in combination with treatment by an antihistaminic and a cysteinyl leukotrien...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028365
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nabumetone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drug which is known to cause less gastrointestinal damage than other NSAI drugs. This study was performed to evaluate whether nabumetone treatment might alter the vascular aberrations related to inflammation in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Nabumetone ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028358
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of diabetes on the cavernosal smooth muscle relaxations mediated by adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in tissues obtained from men and rats. Adenosine- and ATP-induced relaxant responses showed an enhanced sensitivity with an unaltered effectiveness in ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028354
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of dietary taurine on lipid secretion and ketone body production were examined in the livers of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats fed high-cholesterol diets. The weight gain of the Sprague-Dawley rats tended to be higher than that of the Wistar rats, although food intake was comparable between the strains. Th...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028343
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Supplementation of antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C as health promotion food is popular recently. Epidemiological studies supported the beneficial effect of these antioxidants because oxygen free radicals have been linked to the process of diseases and aging. The present study evaluated the effect of alpha...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028330
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study aims at investigating the effects of mannitol and dimethylthiourea, known hydroxyl radical scavengers, on lipid peroxidation as an indicative of oxidative damage, NF-kappa B activation and IL-8 production by Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells. A human gastric epithelial cell line, AGS, t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028321
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to cold increases the growth of brown adipose tissue and the resistance to more severe cold, thus improving thermogenesis. The present study examined the possibility that dietary compounds can modify cold acclimation. Adenosine (ADO) or adenine (ADE) were administered in drinking water (0.05%, w/v) fo...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028315
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc acexamate (NAS-501), an anti-ulcer agent, has been reported to prevent various acute experimental gastric mucosal lesions and duodenal ulcers in rats. In order to clarify the mechanisms by which NAS-501 exhibits the anti-ulcer effects, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of NAS-501 in vitro and in vivo. NA...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028283
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a three-phase study, single oral doses of placebo, followed in 1 week by pyrazinoylguanidine (PZG; 900 mg), followed in 3 weeks by pyrazinoic acid (PZA; 300 mg) were given to 8 normal male subjects. Blood analyses performed 0, 2 and 4 h after administration of placebo or drug revealed that compared to mean 0 h valu...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028276
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of two synthetic heme analogues, zinc mesoporphyrin (ZnMP) and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), on in vivo hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization and in vitro hematopoiesis were examined in rabbit bone marrow. Rabbits received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 7 days in order to mobilize inc...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028267
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this investigation on human umbilical arteries was: (1) to analyze the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) in the prevention of contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), KCl, Bay K 8644 and BaCl2; (2) to determine whether the presence of Mg2+ could modulate the response to caffeine in Ca2+-free medium...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028255
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Topically unilaterally applied lisuride caused dose-related lowering of intraocular pressure in ipsilateral (treated) but not in contralateral eyes of normal rabbits. The ocular hypotensive response induced by lisuride was antagonized by pretreatment with metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist, and was partial...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028249
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of calcium ions (Ca2+) on the adenylyl cyclase activity in purified turkey erythrocyte membranes. Results showed the following: (i) Ca2+ inhibits cAMP accumulation stimulated by isoproterenol (1 micromol/l), NaF + AlCl3 (10 mmol/l + 20 micromol/l) or forskolin (10 micromol/l) in EGTA-washed...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028245
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes reduction of fetal breathing movements, an effect attributed to nicotine in fetal blood. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine which has a long plasma half-life and exhibits slow clearance across membrane barriers. It is also known to activate placental phospholipase-A2-like enzy...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028231
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered somatostatin (SRIH-14 and SRIH-28) on growth and function of pituitary somatotropes (GH cells) and lactotropes (PRL cells). Male rats received three i.c.v. injections (1 microgram/5 microliters) of SRIH-14 or SRIH-28 every second day. Blood...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028223
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRK-530 is a novel synthetic bisphosphonate compound which exhibits inhibitory activity in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model. We found that, during AA development, the concentrations of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the bone marrow increased, ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028203
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esculentoside A, a kind of saponin isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Phytolaca esculenta, is reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic experimental models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of esculentoside A on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), int...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028197
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular effects of SKP-450, a newly synthesized potassium channel activator, and its two major metabolites SKP-818 and SKP-310 were evaluated on isolated rat aorta and in freely moving rats and anesthetized beagle dogs. The rank order of potency in relaxing rat aorta precontracted with norepinephrine was SK...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000028188
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that calcium storage and release from IP3-dependent sites in the sarcoplasmic reticulum play an important role in the contractile response of the rabbit urinary bladder to both field stimulation (mediated via neurotransmitter release) and bethanechol (direct muscarinic stimulation). ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139543
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide has been shown to decrease myocardial contractility and O2 consumption. This study was designed to evaluate the hypothesis that nitric oxide-mediated increases in cyclic GMP require elevated cyclic AMP to produce cardiac depression. Using isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, we determined the effect...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139529
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of hyperthyroidism on the functional vascular responsiveness of isolated coronary and renal resistance vessels was investigated. Hyperthyroidism was established by feeding rats for 1 and 4 weeks with 5 mg/kg L-thyroxine (T4)-containing rat chow. Preparations of either coronary or renal resistance vessels...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139519
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the anti-inflammatory activity of meloxicam on rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy and its toxicity for rat gastric mucosa, relative to its in vitro inhibitory potency against partially purified cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 preparations in order to clarify the pharmacological profile of the compound as an ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139511
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine whether pyrazinoylguanidine (PZG) can attenuate diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced within 1 week after a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (45 mg/kg in 0.05 mol/l sodium citrate buffer). Diabetic rats were divided into five gro...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139492
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of two structurally dissimilar aldose reductase inhibitors, Zopolrestat and Sorbinil, were investigated on the sodium-dependent, myo-inositol (MI) cotransporter in rat lenses maintained in either normal (5.5 mmol/l) or high sugar medium (35.5 mmol/l glucose or 30 mmol/l galactose). MI influx was compared t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139472
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) was found to cause significant stimulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rat liver homogenates in vitro. This effect was more pronounced for the inducible isoform than its constitutive counterpart. Furthermore, FDP restored rat liver inducible NOS levels following their depletion by ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139468
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we used a novel conscious dog model to evaluate the uroselectivity of selected alpha 1-antagonists either approved for human use or in clinical development for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and compared those results to their in vitro binding and functional affinities a...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139451
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In isolated perfused rat hearts with coronary occlusion and reperfusion, the effect of adenosine antagonists on the release of adenosine and its degradation products inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid was investigated. An antagonist with high selectivity for the A1 receptor, 8-phenyltheophylline, was applie...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139444
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to document possible changes in the binding of bupivacaine (BV), lidocaine (LC) and their main metabolites desbutylbupivacaine (PPX) and monoethylglycinexylydide (MEGX), respectively, to plasma proteins and erythrocytes in mice after acute treatment with the calcium antagonists diltiazem (DZ), ...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139433
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect and mechanism of action of serotonin (5-HT) were studied in the pulmonary circulation of normal and diabetic rabbits. 5-HT (10, 50 and 100 nmol/l) produced a concentration-dependent increase in rabbit pulmonary arterial tension. Pulmonary arterial rings from diabetic rabbits were more responsive to 5-HT com...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139426
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human endothelial cells were cultivated on microporous membranes mimicking the luminal and basal spaces of blood vessels. When fluorescence-labeled lipid microspheres (LM) were added to the upper chambers of the model cultures, confluent monolayers of endothelial cells transported considerable levels of fluorescence t...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139413
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of the nitrovasodilator, pirsidomine, were compared with SIN-1, nitroprusside, and nitroglycerin. Four groups consisting of 32 experiments were performed in 17 conscious dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressure, left ventricular...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139372
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first step in the conversion of spironolactone (SP) to its biologically active metabolites is deacetylation to 7 alpha-thiospirolactone (7 alpha-thio-SL). Studies were done to evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on SP deacetylation by adrenal microsomal preparations. In the absence of GSH, adrenal mi...
journal_title:Pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000139358
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00